India: Partition or United India (1947)
by Anonymous
As British India gained independence, leaders debated keeping a united India or partitioning along religious lines. Jinnah demanded a separate Muslim state. The partition created India and Pakistan but caused one of history's largest mass migrations and up to 2 million deaths.
Partition (Two States)
1947
year
Separate Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority states
approach
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
key advocate
Chosen — created India and Pakistan, massive displacement
outcome
United India
1947
year
Federal structure with religious protections
approach
Gandhi, Nehru (initially)
key advocate
Not achieved — communal violence made it impossible
outcome
Three-State Solution
1947
year
India, West Pakistan, East Pakistan as separate entities
approach
Some Bengali leaders
key advocate
East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971
outcome
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